Concepts: Acids, Bases and Salts
Acids: Those substances which when dissolved in water then produce H+ (aq) or Hydronium (H3O+) ions. They are sour in taste and change the colour of blue litmus to red. For example HCl, H2SO4, HNO3etc.
Bases: Bases are generally metallic oxide or metallic hydroxide. When they are dissolved in water they produce OH-(aq) ions. They are bitter in taste and change the colour of red litmus to blue. For example CuO, NaOH, KOH etc.
Acid-Base Indicators: Indicators are basically dyes or mixtures which are used to detect whether the substance is acidic or basic with the help of their colour changing property. They are of two type, natural indicators and synthetic indicators. The examples of natural indicators are Litmus and turmeric. The examples of synthetic indicators are methyl orange and phenolphthalein.
Olfactory indicators: Those substances whose odour changes in acidic or basic medium are known as olfactory indicators. Some of the examples of olfactory indicators are vanilla, onion and clove.
pH scale: It is the measure of acidic or basic strength of an aqueous solution. The pH value of an acidic solution lies between 0 to 7. The pH value of a basic solution lies between 7 to 14. The pH value of a neutral substance is always 7.
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