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Wednesday, 10 April 2013

Q 6. 'Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting points'. Comment. Collect melting points of solid water, ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether and methane from a data book. What can you say about the intermolecular forces between these molecules?


Q 6. 'Stability of a crystal is reflected in the magnitude of its melting points'. Comment. Collect melting points of solid water, ethyl alcohol, diethyl ether and methane from a data book. What can you say about the intermolecular forces between these molecules?
Solution:–
Melting points of substances
Water = 273K
Ethyl alcohol = 155·7K
Diethyl ether = 156·8K
Methane        = 90·5K.
The stability of crystals depends up on the packing of the atoms. if there are strong force of attraction between the constituent particles then greater the stability.  

Water – strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding
Ethyl alcohol             – strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
Diethyl ether – it is a polar molecule so there is dipole –dipole attraction
Methane        – is  a non–polar molecule so that there is weak van der Waal's forces (London dispersion forces).

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    It concludes that stability order between states of matter is in order of
    solids > liquids > gases.
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  2. boiling and melting point has a relation between the inter molecular forces of attraction of particles and the thermal energy between them .If the boiling/melting point is high then the effect of inter molecular forces dominates over thermal energy of the substance(like in solids)and the substance becomes relatively stable at room temperature ,if boiling/melting point is not high or equal to the room temperature then the inter molecular forces and thermal energy has equal effect between the constituent particles of the substance(like in liquids)and the substance is at an intermediate state but has small magnitude of stability ,if the boiling/melting point is low then the effect of thermal energy is dominant over inter molecular force of a substance and the stability of that substance decreases(like in gases).
    It concludes that stability order between states of matter is in order of
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    Hope you find it satisfying.

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