Conjunction, type, coordinating, correlative, subordinating, exercise, examples

 “Conjunctions -- ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जो दो शब्दों या वाक्यों को जोड़ देते हैं।” इस तरह वाक्य भी छोटा हो जाता है और अर्थ भी नहीं बदलता। “और” एक conjunction है। जो अव्यय दो वाक्यों या वाक्यांशों को जोड़ते हैं, उन्हें संयोजक कहा जाता है। Conjunctions are words that conjoin two or more words or phrases.

Conjunction is the word that joins two words or Sentences, is called conjunction. Ex. And, Or, But, Therefore etc.

Some conjunctions are listed below:

और – “and”

कि – “that” as in “I told you that I am going this”

लेकिन – “but”

पर – “but”

मगर – “but”

चाहे – “whether”

चाहे … चाहे / या – “whether … or”

या – “or”

अगर … तो – “if … then”

तो – “then”

कहीं … न – “lest … not”

क्यूंकि – “because”

चूँकि – “because”

जब कि – “whereas”

एंव – “and”

इसलिए – “for this reason, therefore, so”

इसलिए कि – “for the reason that, because”

या फिर – “or else, or”

नहीं तो – “otherwise”

या … या – “either … or”

न … न – “neither … nor”

And (और)/Or (या)

मोहन और श्याम अच्छे दोस्त हैं। Mohan and Syam are good friends.

आप ये या वो किताब ले सकते हैं। You may take this book or that book.

But (लेकिन, बल्कि, सिवाय)

मोहन और श्याम अच्छे दोस्त हैं लेकिन/पर वे एक दूसरे से लड़ते हैं। Ram and Sham are good friends but they fight with each other.

वह बहुत समझदार है लेकिन वो गरीब है। He is very intelligent but he is poor.

CONJUNCTIONS TYPES--

There are three types of Conjunctions

• Coordinating conjunctions
• Correlative conjunctions
• Subordinating conjunctions

• COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS--

  दो समान स्तर या स्वतंत्र के दो वाक्यों को जोड़ने वाले समुच्चयबोधक शब्द को समन्वय संयोजक Co ordinating conjunction कहते हैं। The job of a coordinating conjunction is to join two words, phrases, or independent clauses, which are parallel in structure. There are seven coordinating conjunctions which are by far the most common conjunctions: Examples for, and, neither, nor, but, or, yet,  so.

• Example:

• Go to market and bring the vegetables.

• Do you want tea or coffee ?

• We went to the theater and enjoyed the movie.

• I go to the school for I love to study.

• I don't go for the fresh air nor for the ducks; I just like soccer.

• The men play on two teams: cricket or football.

• I always take a book to read, yet I never seem to turn a single page.

• I love to study so I go to school everyday.

• CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
  Pairs of words which join sentences or clauses of equal importance are called Correlative conjunctions. The words of correlative conjunctions have a special connection between them. दो शब्दों के ऐसे जोड़े जो वाक्यों को जोड़ने के लिए होते हैं, वाक्य का महत्व सामान ही होता है, सहसंबंधित संयोजक Correlative conjunctions कहलाता है।

• Examples-- The correlative conjunctions are not only - but also, either- or, neither - nor, both - and, not - but, whether - or.

• Example: He ate not only the ice cream but also the cake.

• I want both ice cream and chocolate.

• Neither Mohan nor Rohit can play basketball.

• I want either the pink dress or the purple one.

• I'll study both English literature and art history.

• I didn't know whether you'd want milk or tea. 

• Why do you want to visit neither Ireland nor Scotland?

• I took not only the blue dress but also the red dress.

• SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS-- They join an independent clause with a dependent clause. A subordinating conjunction joins elements of an un parallel sentence structure. These elements are usually a dependent clause and an independent clause. Example: Even though the weather was horrible, they still went market.इस प्रकार के संयोजक में इसमें एक स्वतंत्र वाक्य और एक वाक्यांश को जोड़ते है उन्हें हम गौण संयोजक Subordinating conjunctions कहते हैं। 

• E.g. After, how, than, when, although, if, that, where, as, in order that, though, provided, which, as much as, inasmuch as, unless, while, because, until, who/whom, before, since, what. 

• When he was washing his car, I washed my clothes.

• Provided they come, we can start class Monday.

• Before we left home, I had had my lunch.

• Because of him, I learned how to learn my chapter.

• Until you try, you'll never learn.

• I add a new entry to my teacher when I wake in the morning,

• As I write this letter, I know I must say goodbye.

• Even का प्रयोग प्राय: पॉजिटिव और नैगेटिव दोनों वाक्यों में होता है।

‘Even’ is generally used in both; positive as well as negative sentences. Even’ का प्रयोग वाक्य के शुरुआत में होता है। Even’ is used at the beginning of the sentence. Even’ का प्रयोग Interrogative sentences में नहीं होता।

Also’ का प्रयोग सहायक क्रिया के बाद और क्रिया से पहले होता है।

‘Also’ is used after the helping verb and before the verb.

Too, As well और Either का प्रयोग वाक्य के अन्त में होता है।

Too, As well & Either are used at the end of the sentence.

As + {an adjective} +As

उतना + ¿ कोई विशेषण À + जितना

तुम मेरे जितने चालाक नहीं हो। You are not as clever as I.

राम उसके जितना पागल नहीं है। Ram is not as mad as he is.

क्या तुम मेरे जितना अच्छा गा सकते हो ? Can you sing as good as I can?

As (जैसा, के तौर पर, के नाते)

जैसा आप कहें। As you say.

जैसी आपकी मर्जी । As you wish.

जैसी आपकी मर्जी । I did as you said.

मैं यहाँ मैनेजर के तौर पर काम कर रहा हूँ। I am working here as a manager.

As well as (साथ ही साथ)

राम पढ़ा लिखा है साथ ही साथ उसके माता पिता भी पढ़े लिखे हैं।    Ram is educated as well as his parents are educated.

मैं साथ ही साथ मेरे दोस्त भी यहाँ हैं। I, as well as my friends, am here.

वो साथ ही साथ उसके तीन भाई भी जा रहे हैं। He, as well as his 3 brothers, is going.

As soon as / the moment (जैसे ही)

जैसे ही वो आया, मैं चला गया। As soon as he came, I left. or The moment he came, I left.

मेरे घर आ जाना जैसे ही पापा आ जायें। Come to my home the moment dad comes. or Come to my home as soon as dad comes.

 “WH Family” used as a conjunction

What, That जो (सजीव व निर्जीव दोनों के लिए (for Living & Nonliving both))

Where जहाँ

Whom जिसे

Who जो (सजीव का) (living being)

Which जो (निर्जीव का) (non living)

When जब

How / The way जैसे, जिस तरह से

Whose जिसका (सजीव का) (living being)

Of Which जिसका (निर्जीव का) (non living)

With whom जिसके साथ

For whom जिसके लिए

जिसके लिए मैंने सब कुछ किया, वो यहाँ नहीं है। For whom I did everything, is not here.

क्या तुम बता सकते हो जिस तरह से तुम वहाँ पहुँचे? Can you tell me how you reached there?

राम, जो मेरे साथ था, मेरा दोस्त है। Ram, who was with me, is my friend.

पैन जो मेरे पास था तुम्हारा नहीं है। Pen which/that I had is not yours.

राम वो है, जिसके पापा पुलिस में हैं। Ram is the one whose father is in police.

मैं वो हूँ, जिसका भाई तुम्हारे साथ था। I am the one whose brother was with you.

ये वो घर है जिसकी छत कमजोर है। This is the house, the roof of which is weak.

ये वो कुर्सी है जिसके चारों पैर टूटे हुए हैं। This is the chair, the all 4 legs of which are broken.

1. I need to work hard --------- I can pass the exam.
2. --------- he was the best candidate, he didn't win the elections.
3. -------- you come back from your trip, we'll meet to discuss the problem.
4. I plan to take my vacation _________ in June _________ in July. 
5. _________ I’m feeling happy _________ sad, I try to keep a positive attitude. 
6. _________ had I taken my shoes off _________ I found out we had to leave again.
7. _________ only is dark chocolate delicious, _________ it can be healthy. 
8. _________ I have salad for dinner, _____________________I can have ice cream for dessert. 
9. Carol wanted to drive to Colorado, _________ Bill insisted that they fly.
10. I’m afraid of heights, _________ I appreciate the view from the top of this building. 
11. I have to be on time, _________ my boss will be annoyed if I’m late.
12. Do you like chocolate _________ vanilla ice cream better? 
13. I have to go to work at six, _________ I’m waking up at four. 
14. I love the color red; _________, this shade seems a little too bright.
15. They said that the movie was fantastic, ------- I watched it.
16. --------- he was very ill, he didn't take any medicine.
17. I don't know ------- I can buy a pair of jeans.
18. She went to the shops ------- couldn't find anything that could fit her needs.
19. Everybody likes him because he is nice ------- helpful.
20. -------- he was angry with her, he didn't utter a word.
21. Keep quiet ------ go out.
22. I visit the Grand Canyon _________ I go to Arizona. 
23. This is the place _________ we stayed last time we visited.
24. _________ you win first place, you will receive a prize. 
25. You won’t pass the test _________ you study.